The United States And National Government - 1621 Words

The United States has a federal system of government where the states and national government exercise separate powers within their own spheres of authority. Federalism is a system of government where power is controlled by two levels of government, generally national and state. National government mainly deal with issues that affect the entire country, while state deal with smaller issues on a local level. James Madison says that the states and national government are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers. Alexander Hamilton, suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens benefit: If their the people s rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton had two different ideas about how the national government should work in practice. There are three general understandings of Federalism, they are state-sovereignty, states rights, and nationalism. State sovereignty means that the federal government is merely an agent of the states, while states retain final authority over all their internal matters, even if that results in states ignoring federal law.1 States rights proponents argue that state and federal governments have dual sovereignty, holding power over different realms. By contrast, according to Nationalists, the federal government can exercise its delegated powers even in areas that fall withinShow MoreRelatedThe National Government Of The United States1445 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The National Government of the United States of America consists of three branches. These branches of government, which include the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch, separate the government s power into a form of checks and balances. The system of checks and balances has been set in place to allow the three branches to limit the power of the other branches, this way, no branch is more powerful than the others. Each of these three branches of government will beRead MoreThe United States National Government1804 Words   |  8 Pagesincreasing scope of the United States’ national government. Economic intervention, welfare services and homeland security were never planned to be a part of the national government’s agenda. These programs naturally became rolls of the federal government as time has passed through the needs of the people. The national government has drastically changed over the past 200 years since the original design. During t he civil war and following the great depression the federal government took a major leap inRead MoreGovernment: United States Constitution and National Government1238 Words   |  5 Pageswas a large amount of controversy. With Obama’s choice of Hagel for the Secretary of Defense we see a Vietnam Veteran. He â€Å"†¦ was deputy director of the Veterans Administration during the Reagan administration and later served as president of the United Service Organizations.† (US News) â€Å"While Hagel is a Republican, his views on foreign policy alarm some of his GOP colleagues. During his time in the Senate, Hagel was verbose in his opposition to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, he voted againstRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States National Government1456 Words   |  6 Pageslimits of a government or other institution† (Harr, Hess Orthmann, 2012). The purpose of the Constitution was to make it so that no single person would be able to have power over all others. Before the Constitution even came about, there was the first development of the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were written after the United States had declared independence from Gre at Britain. It established what the functions of the United States national government would be. Read MoreThe United States National Government And California State Essay1893 Words   |  8 PagesThe US national government and California state governments each have their fair similarities and differences. For instance, they are very similar involving the president and governor. As the United States of America has a president, California has their own governor as well. Even though they are not entitled to the same exact responsibilities, they each have a huge importance to their people. The citizens of the United States look up to the president, as the residents of California look up to theirRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Was The First National Government Of The United States1448 Words   |  6 PagesConfederation was the impetus its shortcomings gave to those who favored a strong central government. The first national government of the United States is the Articles of Co nfederation. The Articles of Confederation was approved by the Continental Congress in 1777, it was adopted and written by John Dickinson. However, there was a delay in ratifying the articles by the states. It all came down to property out West. States like Virginia and Massachusetts had claimed numerous land stretching from the EastRead MoreNational Park Service : An Agency Of The United States Federal Government2296 Words   |  10 PagesNATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1.1 Introduction to the National Park Service: The National Park Service is an agency of the United States federal government that was established in 1916 with a mission to manage all U.S. National Parks, some American National Monuments, conservation and historical properties. More specifically the National Park Service was established to protect the nature and wildlife of special areas as well as to improve the experiences of visitors without sacrificing the nature’s resourcesRead MoreEssay on United States Government and Federalism1473 Words   |  6 Pagestwo centuries the United States has grappled with the idea of federalism. While former President James Madison had a very concrete understanding of that form of governance, â€Å"In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments† (Madison, 1788, p. 67), the United States has never had a conclusive divisi on of power between the state and the US FederalRead MoreEssay on Reducing the National Deficit1071 Words   |  5 PagesReducing the National Deficit Many United States citizens are unaware of the countrys current financial state. Many assume that one of the worlds wealthiest countries could never be in debt. This is untrue however, and, in fact, the country with the greatest income per capita is in major debt. This study will examine possible solutions to reducing the United States national budget deficit. Understanding the National Deficit The amount of money that the United States government owes as ofRead MoreAmerica Needs The Patriot Act Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes little to ensure national security. However, this was not the intention of the Bush Administration, who passed this law. One week after September 11, 2001, the Patriot Act, a law that was meant to strengthen national security, was signed by the Bush Administration to ensure that no terrorist attack would ever harm the lives of more Americans. The Patriot Act gave federal law enforcement agencies what they needed to mount an effective and coordinated plan to stop United States Terrorism. The officials

Essay on About the The Abrahamic covenant - 1254 Words

The Abrahamic covenant is one that deals with fertility and the significance of symbolic sacrifices during this time period (Genesis 17:1). In the story of Abraham and Isaac, God â€Å"tests† Abraham by telling him to sacrifice his son. While this may seem cruel, God does not allow Isaac to be sacrificed. While Gods motives are questionable, close reading in Genesis shows that based on the story of Abraham and Isaac, human sacrifice is affirmed but only under certain conditions. A sacrifice that involves the death of a human is unacceptable. However, symbolic sacrifice is a vital part of the story because the â€Å"test† of Abraham is best thought of as a request for a symbolic or ritualistic sacrifice in place of the sacrificing of human life. In†¦show more content†¦Despite the fact that Abraham had a clean track record and had no reason for his loyalty to be questioned, God granted Abraham a long bloodline that would carry on and a son that he loved, so it was a test to make sure that Abraham would not forget all that God guaranteed him Sacrifice does play a big role in the Abrahamic covenant however, because circumcision was a key element in the sealing of the covenant. Circumcision was the physical sacrifice that men made to symbolize their connection with God and each other as a part of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:1). The Abrahamic covenant was the first in the biblical scriptures that had any mention of human sacrifice at all because all sacrifices until up until this point had been of animals. God ordered this new type of â€Å"physical sacrifice†, right after he and Abraham had made the covenant. If not for circumcision, there would be no relationship or promise between God and Abraham becau se essentially the covenant had already been fulfilled through the physical sacrifice of circumcision. Therefore, it would not make sense for Isaac to be killed because the promise of the covenant was dependent on his existence. This type of sacrifice is acceptable because it is a human sacrifice. Males sacrifice blood and a part of their skin as a sign of this covenant. This is important because it shows that human sacrificeShow MoreRelatedThe Old Testament: The Five Covenants Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesword ‘covenant’ is, in the Old Testament, it is the Hebrew word ‘berith’ and is used many times in different texts. Some scholars my say that the word covenants is hard to find a true meaning. You will hear the word covenant throughout the Old Testament. I think sometimes when we hear the word covenant only one or two covenants come to mind. There are many covenants throughout the Bible. I will attempt to define and explain five covenants. These five covenants are: Noahic Covenant, AbrahamicRead MoreThe Covenant Is A Binding Agreement Between Two Or More Parties1711 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to amightywind.com, a covenant is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, based on unlimited responsibility. A covenant differs from a contract because covenants require trust from both parties and cannot be voided under new circumstances. In a sense covenant are stronger and more bidding forms of contracts. It is through this method God has chosen to communicate with his believers. There are seven covenants found within the Bible; which are the Abrah amic, Palestinian, Mosaic, DavidicRead MoreAbrahamic Covenant of Grace Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesCOVENANT OF GRACE The New Testament portion of the Bible is widely accepted as the book of hope, grace, love and forgiveness. However, the Old Testament also provides evidence of God’s grace and love for his people. Richard Dawkins opposes this view of the Old Testament God .Richard Dawkins in his book, The God of Delusion states that the God of the Old Testament is a God who is unjust, unforgiving, and vindictive amongst many other negative human nature attributes. Richard Dawkins view of GodRead MoreThe God Of Genesis : Biblical And Destruction Of Humankind1363 Words   |  6 Pagesthat [he does]† (Genesis 21:20). Hagar is not placed at the same level as the Abrahamic prophets. The interaction between Hagar and the angel only takes place since she is impregnated with Abraham’s child, and still continuing on his bloodline. Her interaction with God is through the secondary source of the angel. She is not in direct communication with God. While in other instances, God speaks direc tly to the Abrahamic prophets. Nonetheless, the angel’s interaction with Hagar suggests that the familyRead MoreThe World s Beginning God1673 Words   |  7 Pageslost communion humanity once had with the Father. The Noahic Covenant established his commitment to creation, specifically humanity. The Abrahamic Covenant shows that God’s promises ask for something in return, but are ultimately not conditional on the humans involved. The Davidic Covenant establishes the line for the coming messiah, and models the rise of the coming king. The Mosaic Covenant shows the need salvation. Finally the New covenant is God final promise, to wash away all sins. The Old TestamentRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Old Testament1726 Words   |  7 PagesIn the days of the Old Testament, if you wanted to make a deal with someone, you could either make a promise, or make a covenant with them. However, an important distinction needs to be made here. A promise can be broken without severe consequ ence. To the people of the Ancient Near East, a covenant closely resembled a Suzerainty Treaty; this was a legal bond between two parties, one being the Suzerain with power, and another being the Vassal, that is agreeing to help from the Suzerain. The treatyRead MoreMeaning And Types Of Old Testament Covenants1618 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay attempts to define the meaning and types of Old Testament Covenants and describe The Creation Covenants as seen in the Old Testament. The Creation Covenants will be discussed and their common interpretations will be examined so they will be more easily explained. The Creation Covenants include the Adamic and Noahic Covenants. 1. What is a Covenant? God created humanity as an expression of His loving, relational character. In His wisdom, and because He is the Creator and sustainer of loveRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Old Testament1718 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the days of the Old Testament, if you wanted to make a deal with someone, you could either make a promise, or make a covenant with them. However, an important distinction needs to be made here. A promise can be broken without severe consequence. To the people of the Ancient Near East, a covenant closely resembled a Suzerainty Treaty; this was a legal bond between two parties, one being the Suzerain with power, and another being the Vassal, that is agreeing to help from the SuzerainRead MoreThe Apostle Pauls Writings to the People of Rome on the Matters of the Natural World, Human Identity, Human Relationship and Culture892 Words   |  4 PagesMuslims and Christians. They talk about the fear that Christians have in preaching the â€Å"Good New† outside of the church in Syria, and how much persecution/genocide is happening there. (Moody Radio, 2014) Although I knew that the world was having trouble it didn’t quite sink in until this point. Becoming a Christian has ch anged my view on the world; I would have never thought twice about these issues until I opened my heart to Jesus Christ. In this essay I will talk about the Apostle Paul’s writings toRead MoreThe Five Covenants : The Davidic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, And The New1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Five Covenants The five major Covenants are the Davidic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, and the New Covenants. These Covenants are God’s promises to is people that show the redemptive power of God’s love and the blessing that He bestowed upon the Israelites as well as the curses. Within the Old Testament of the Bible there are in its entirety 39 books that books of law, wisdom, prophetical, wisdom, as well as poetry. All of these books are bound together succession by the Five Covenants

Literary interpretation essay Free Essays

Charles Dickens’ novel Hard Times puts premium on the existing economic and social burdens that pressed on individuals during his time. One of the most noticeable features written throughout the text of the novel is that it is filled with family struggles, sorrow, decaying morals as well as the element of estrangement. For example, Thomas Gradgrind, one of the characters, is depicted as a man whose deep fascination with imprudent utilitarian principles leads him to give full confidence to statistics and facts as well as to the idea of practicality of things. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary interpretation essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In essence, the book is thought to be too didactic as it appears to merely express the negative aspects of the industrial age prominent during Dickens’ time, further giving us the impression that the characters in the novel are mere caricatures and that their sentiments sequin inasmuch as the morality is being portrayed as frail. This is one of the many interesting and thought-provoking elements in the novel that has roused the minds of many, with critics taking aim at the very illustration ascribed by Dickens to the characters. Hippolyte Taine argues that the characters in the novel actually fall under two main distinctions: either the characters are individuals who both have feelings and emotions or the characters lack these two. He further suggests that the characters only serve the purpose of filling-up the content of the novel and inducing more hilarity and that Dickens actually compares the soul created by nature to that of the soul deformed by the society. The arguments being raised by Taine brings us a closer look into the character portrayals as well as into the context upon which the characters are placed. The claim being put forward by Taine indeed contains a strand of validity with regards to the histrionic villains primarily because the characters in the novel are portrayed as individuals who appear to be guised as machines by obstruct the enhancement in their feelings. This can be observed primarily from the exploits of Thomas Gradgrind and Bounderby where the former teaches his brood and the rest of his family through the use of facts and statistics and the latter handles his factory employees as entities without emotions thereby abusing them to further his own benefits. On the other hand, one can also perceive the notion that the didactic view of Taine only amplifies the idea that the novel of Dickens is one that is complex. Part of the reason to this can be observed from the fact that the novel itself, by suggesting themes contained in the time of industrialization, has several aspects worthy of looking into. Not only is the entirety of the novel to be treated as a whole and undivided literary work. Rather, it is a complex novel as well, suggesting subject matters such as the automation of the lives of humans, the conflict existing amid fact and fancy, as well as the significance of womanliness to name a few. Further, there are characters in the novel that exhibit a form of doubles or alter egos which Dickens utilizes in order to challenge the perception of reality centering on the subject widespread in the prevailing forms of culture in classic realism as well as in great Romanticism. Part of this can be reflected on Bounderby’s attempt of using his workers in order to promote his personal interests, suggesting the idea that the character of Bounderby can also be analyzed in terms of personal motivations apart from the idea that the character can be primarily examined in terms of the subject’s actions. These observations lead us to the assumption that Dickens’ work is more complex than how Taine views it by didactic means. One should be reminded that, although Taine makes a good point in arguing that the characters may or may not illustrate feelings and emotions, the characters nevertheless can be scrutinized further by focusing on the motivations behind their actions and the context of the time where the story operates. It brings into light the complex and intricate strands of unconventional behavior exhibited during times when life ought to have been a little easier for the individual. The relative complexity of characterization is likewise significant in the novel essentially because it does not only heighten the motifs in the novel but also connects these motifs altogether in a congruent flow of thoughts that establishes the central and major contention of the novel. Among these motifs include the childhood years of Bounderby, marriages that are both uneven and miserable and the comparison of mechanical time to that of the changing of seasons to name a few. Further, several symbols depicted in the novel also add to the complexity displayed by the characters throughout the story. Some of these include the staircase imagined by Mrs. Sparsit, the Pegasus situated inside the inn, the smoke serpents that relate to the perceptions and actuations of Bounderby, and the fire or, more specifically, the inner fire exemplified in the character of Louisa. Indeed, these factors and the rest of the literary observations go against the claim of Taine, highlighting instead the complexity of the novel of Dickens as a whole and the dense characterizations of the individuals. It can be said—as opposed to Taine’s dichotomized treatment on the characters—that the characters bend towards flexibility of character, acting as empty of emotion on this aspect and appearing as filled with emotion on the other. Bounderby, for example, shows little or no affection towards the workers while, on the other hand, exhibiting a sense of fulfillment in furthering his interests. In general, Charles Dickens’ novel has prompted criticisms that seek to critique the portrayal of characters in the novel, raising arguments that aim at simplifying the complex story into seeming dichotomies. Quite on the contrary, the overall image of the novel is already intricate and that the scenes and the characters altogether conjure the complete complexity of the work. Reference Taine, Hippolyte. â€Å"The Two Classes of Characters in Hard Times.†Ã‚   Hard Times : An Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism. 3rd ed. New York, NY: W W Norton Co Inc, 2000. 355. How to cite Literary interpretation essay, Essay examples

Management and Geography of Innovation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Management and Geography of Innovation. Answer: Introduction Outsourcing business process can be defined as an important strategy, where a business organisation set up official contract with third party agencies in order to carry out important operational function and responsibilities. In many cases the business organisation hires suppliers in order to get access to raw materials and other important resources. Large scale companies and multinational corporations have been using the technique of Outsourcing business process that are needed to deal with the various challenges related to operational activities. It enables the company to achieve organisational flexibility and also reduce the cost of business operation. There are several examples of multinational companies using Global talents with the help of outsourcing unit. Considering the significance of outsourcing in business operation of current days, the report aims to analyse the advantages and drawbacks of this system in the global environment. In the current era of globalisation, most of the multinational corporations preferred to work in business partnership. This can help them in the process of expanding the business. This can provide the companies access to wide range of workers having effective skills. Other hand there is various examples of large scale companies but they have suffered loss due to Outsourcing business from third party agents. Hence, it is important to analyse both the positive and negative aspects of outsourcing business in order to understand its impact in the current Global Business scenario. The current project will aim to discuss the existing literature that is related to outsourcing business unit and thereby highlighting the advantage and disadvantages associated with this process. The current project will provide literature review from the peer-reviewed journal articles that are related to the Research work of business Outsourcing process. There will be some real life examples provided that will help to highlight upon positive and negative aspects of outsourcing business process. It is essential for all business companies to have Outsourcing partner in order to deal with the challenge of resource shortage and efficiency of skilled labours. The current project will also highlight upon the importance of the most parts that are related to the outsourcing business. The limitation and the existing gap that exist within the literature will also be discussed within the current project. Advantages of outsourcing business Javalgi et al. (2011), have mentioned that with the help of Outsourcing business process it is possible to decrease the overall expenditure of the company. This is mainly due to the fact that the large-scale multinational corporations are able to hire workers from third party organisations at much lower rate. This is evident from the fact that most of the American and European in MNCs recruit workouts from the Asian countries including India Bangladesh and China, where the cost of labour is much lower. Hence it is possible for the organisation to carry out all the major operational tasks at much lower rate. It is also important to mention that extreme low cost labour rate in China have resulted in the fact that most of the electronic manufacturing join have set up their manufacturing unit in the nation (Lacity and Willcocks 2013). As the companies are able to hire candidates from foreign Nations, it is also possible for them to bring about innovation within the manufacturing and operational process. There are also no risks of violating the legal rules related to protection of intellectual properties as they inherit and apply the innovative ideas in the business process. Lacity and Willcocks (2012), have mentioned that with the help of the Outsourcing business process it is possible for the companies to provide better quality of after Sales Service. The overall Lead time of product delivery can also be decreased. The companies will be able to implement better level of value proposition that is achieved with the help of faster delivery of the service. The companies are able to implement the policy of foster innovation that is possible with the help of improved level of skill of the workers. In the current days the companies have to spend huge amount on setting up the technological infrastructure that is needed in the manufacturing unit. With the implication of outsourcing business process it is possible to lower the cost of technological infrastructure as the third party agencies are responsible for majority of the manufacturing work (Bharadwaj et al. 2010). One of the popular examples of this type of business outsourcing in the process of manufacturing is the partnership between Apple Inc. and Foxconn, who is the biggest manufacturing partner of Apple. The Foxconn is responsible for manufacturing all the major smartphones that are being sold under the brand name of Apple. With the help of this manufacturing outsourcing, Apple has able to increase up on their manufacturing units. Hence, in the present days the iPhone has a strong foothold in the smartphone market of the Asian countries. It has thereby allowed Apple to expand the market and increase the level of sale in the respective Nation. There is also the example of Samsung, which is one of the largest electronic giants of the world. Most of the Products that are sold under the brand name of Samsung have a definite period of warranty. There are various third party agents, who have set up partnership with Samsung in order to provide after sale service to all the manufacturing defects that are encountered by the customers after buying any product. The BPO units of the Samsung company has helped to provide better customer support and sales service, which is one of the major reason for high brand value and healthy reputation of Samsung. Core area focus of Business Implementation of business plan involves various secondary activities that are an essential part of the overall business operation. It is important for the company to conduct high level of marketing research and collect information that are necessary in the process of making business plan. It is important to mention that with the fast changing scenario of business environment, these essential for all business units to have the latest information of the consumer market. This can help them to maintain sustainability and have healthy competitive advantage. Carnahan and Somaya (2013), have mentioned that with the help of various marketing research firms, it is possible for large scale company to collect the necessary marketing data that are needed in making business plan. With the primary raw data available for the marketing and sales managers, it is possible for them to focus upon the core business processes that include making of the blueprint of marketing plan. It is also possible for the companies to save the time that is needed in making up the marketing plan with the help of advanced forms of marketing research. With the shortage of skilled labour and employees, one of the major challenges that are encountered by all companies is to select and recruit the perfect candidate for the job. There are cases, where companies outsource workers from consulting agencies in order to reduce the burden of the selection process (Bhm et al. 2011). It is also possible for the large scale companies to recruit workers from all parts of the globe as they outsource them from all parts of the globe. With the high demand of product and services for the large scale industries, it is essential that the business operational unit are active for 24 hours in a day. Lacity et al. (2010), have mentioned about the time zone advantage that are associated with the business operations that allows the business to operate in all time of the day according to the time zone of different parts of the globe. This is mainly possible due to the fact that the companies are able to hire workers from all parts of the globe. Hence it is possible for the customers and clients to contact to the company at any time of the day. With the advancement of globalisation in business, it is essential that all business operational process are continued for 24 hours in order to sustain maximum production. Disadvantage of outsourcing business One of the main purposes of outsourcing business unit is to reduce the overall expenditure of the company. The research paper of Nadkarni and Herrmann (2010), have highlighted the fact that there are various hidden cost that are involved due to Outsourcing business operational process. This is mainly due to the fact that large scale companies have to set up an official business contract with the third party agencies. The cost of setting up this business contract and also the legal procedures that are associated with this function is often neglected as a part of companys expenditure. There is cost of hiring Legal Experts in order to ensure that there are no unfair or unethical ways implemented in the overall outsourcing business. These costs are generally excluded from the financial reports of the company and are therefore form a major part of the companys hidden cost. As the business firms hire resources and raw materials from the outsourcing unit, in most of the occasion they have no control over the pricing that are demanded by the Outsourcing suppliers (Massini and Miozzo 2012). With variation in the pricing of raw materials needed in manufacturing process, it is not possible for the company to have a fixed price of their branded product. Moreover, there is also no fixed regulation that can control over the pricing of resources. This is one of the major drawbacks of outsourcing business as the companies could not have a fixed budget over the expenditure and earnings. Synchronization deliverable Issues It is essential for the large-scale multinational corporations to hire reliable source of third party agent in order to get the supply of resources in the form of outsourcing. According to Mani, et al. (2010), one of the significant challenge that are encountered in the context is due to the fact that in most of the occasions, it is not possible for the managers to have total control of the activities of workers of third party agents. Hence, it is not possible for the business and Outsourcing you need to have synchronisation within their activities of business operation. This can ultimately compromise upon the organisational performance and rate of production. As the large scale business company hire Outsourcing unit in order to carry out their operational activities, they have to share all the company detail company information with the third party agencies. Bustinza et al. (2010), have mentioned about the risks that are involved in the context due to the fact that there is the risk of information being leaked to public domain. As the companies lose the data within the public domain, they also have the risk of losing competitive advantage to the business rivals. There is also the risk that the information related to the financial performance of the company can be misused that can ultimately cause financial loss to the company. Conclusion In the conclusion note it can be said that the major advantages the companies enjoy in the current period due to Outsourcing business process is due to the fact that they are able to reduce the overall expenditure of business operation has the cost of labour is low. Nevertheless, there are many hidden cost that can lower the profit level of the company. Additionally, due to lack of control in pricing, it is not possible for the company to have a fixed cost of the products or services. With the help of outsourcing business it is possible to operate the business for 24 hours. Hence, with the help of the outsourcing business, it is possible to deal with the challenges that are related to the business operation. On the other hand, there is the risk of sensitive data being leaked to public domain that can compromise upon the level of business performance and also have the risk of losing competitive advantage. The current literature have the very well described the Positive and negative aspects of outsourcing business. Nevertheless, the major gaps that exist in the current literature are due to the fact that it has not able to suggest proper intervention ways to deal with the drawbacks of outsourcing business. Reference Bharadwaj, S.S., Saxena, K.B.C. and Halemane, M.D., 2010. Building a successful relationship in business process outsourcing: an exploratory study. European Journal of Information Systems, 19(2), pp.168-180. Bhm, M., Leimeister, S., Riedl, C. and Krcmar, H., 2011. Cloud ComputingOutsourcing 2.0 or a new business model for IT provisioning?. Application management, pp.31-56. Bustinza, O.F., Arias-Aranda, D. and Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L., 2010. Outsourcing, competitive capabilities and performance: an empirical study in service firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(2), pp.276-288. Carnahan, S. and Somaya, D., 2013. Alumni effects and relational advantage: the impact on outsourcing when a buyer hires employees from a supplier's competitors. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), pp.1578-1600. Javalgi, R.R.G., Gross, A.C., Benoy Joseph, W. and Granot, E., 2011. Assessing competitive advantage of emerging markets in knowledge intensive business services. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 26(3), pp.171-180. Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L., 2012. Outsourcing business and IT services: the evidence of success, robust practices and contractual challenges. Legal Information Management, 12(1), pp.2-8. Lacity, M.C. and Willcocks, L.P., 2013. Outsourcing business processes for innovation. MIT Sloan management review, 54(3), p.63. Lacity, M.C., Khan, S., Yan, A. and Willcocks, L.P., 2010. A review of the IT outsourcing empirical literature and future research directions. Journal of Information technology, 25(4), pp.395-433. Mani, D., Barua, A. and Whinston, A., 2010. An empirical analysis of the impact of information capabilities design on business process outsourcing performance. Mis Quarterly, pp.39-62. Massini, S. and Miozzo, M., 2012. Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: challenges to theory, management and geography of innovation. Regional Studies, 46(9), pp.1219-1242. Nadkarni, S. and Herrmann, P.O.L., 2010. CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The case of the Indian business process outsourcing industry. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), pp.1050-1073.